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        <title><![CDATA[@Vercruysse Geert - Blogs]]></title>
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        <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 17:54:07 -0600</lastBuildDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[  - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/733/</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/733</guid>
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                <pubDate>Wed, 21 Dec 2016 09:12:45 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Fresh Colombian cacaopod in my shop Belgium - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/717/fresh-colombian-cacaopod-in-my-shop-belgium</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/717</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[<br><br>
Just received a fresh cacaopod, form Colombia, how nice is this!!<br>
Shall open this one very soon...<br>
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                <pubDate>Fri, 15 Apr 2016 08:37:23 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Chocolade-onlinekopen-Chocolate /5 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/716/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-5</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/716</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[<br><br>
https://whydowelovechocolate.wordpress.com/2016/04/11/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-5/<br>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2016 04:09:00 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Chocolade-onlinekopen-Chocolate /4 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/715/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-4</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/715</guid>
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https://whydowelovechocolate.wordpress.com/2016/04/09/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-4/<br>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2016 04:06:27 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Chocolade-onlinekopen-Chocolate /3 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/714/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-3</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/714</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[<br><br>
https://whydowelovechocolate.wordpress.com/2016/04/08/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-3/<br>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2016 04:04:02 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Chocolade-onlinekopen-Chocolate / 2 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/713/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-2</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/713</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[<br><br>
https://whydowelovechocolate.wordpress.com/2016/04/07/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-2/<br>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2016 03:59:45 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Chocolade-onlinekopen-Chocolate / 1 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/712/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-1</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/712</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[<br><br>
https://whydowelovechocolate.wordpress.com/2016/04/06/chocolade-onlinekopen-chocolate-1/<br>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 14 Apr 2016 03:52:14 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The future of chocolate - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/415/the-future-of-chocolate</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/415</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Last year in July, Suzie Hoban came to Kortrijk for a visit at my place, see her writing on her blog:<br>http://www.cupcakeq.com/blog/2011/7/9/chocolate-vercruysse.html<br>Later she started her own business in Colombia, where she is now a chocolatier in Bogot:Guau!<br>The City Paper "business" asked her to do some preview of the future of the Colombian chocolate. Read her story:Suzie Hoban looks atthe efforts of Colombiancacao growers toprotect their plants andfarming communitiesin a volatile industrythat despite a globaldemand is anythingbut sweet.Consider yourself a chocolatelover? Well, you are amongfriends, many friends in fact,that are growing in number every day.Fuelled by the developing economiesof Brazil, Russia, India, and China, theworldwide demand for chocolate is increasingat 2.5% a year. This may seemlike a small number, but it presents adire problem for chocolate manufacturersas they struggle to source sufficient<br>quantities of chocolates raw material:cacao.<br>The Theobroma Cacao tree whichproduces cacao beans, will only growwithin 20 degrees of the equator. Over70% of the worlds beans are grown inAfrica whilst the remaining 30% are<br>cultivated in Asia and Latin America.If chocolate consumption continuesto grow at this rate, by 2020 we willneed another million tonnes of cacaobeans, equivalent to the current outputof the worlds largest producer, theIvory Coast.<br>This problem for chocolate manufacturersis a great opportunity for cacaoproducing countries, including Colombia.To capitalise on the worlds growingdesire for chocolate, the Colombian Government has released an ambitiousten year plan to transform Colombiafrom its current status as cacao importer,to major cacao exporter. Accordingto the Plan Decenal, Colombia will increase production of cacao from the42,000 tonnes produced in 2010, to79,000 tonnes in 2014, and to 246,000tonnes by2021.<br>Fedecacao, the national associationof cacao growers, will be instrumental inachieving this plan. By providing technicalassistance to farmers, they aim totriple the current yield on existing plantations,and will expand cacao productioninto new regions, including manyareas formerly used for coca production.Edgar Aldana Rosillo of Fedecacaosays the Plan Decenal will not only helpfarmers, but entire rural communitiesby providing permanent jobs and liveable incomes for families, thus reducingthe displacement of rural populations.<br>Fedecacao estimates that the PlanDecenal will create 76,500 jobs directlyinvolved in cacao cultivation and38,250 additional jobs in the broaderindustry.The success of Plan Decenal relieson consistently high prices for cacao andthis is not something that can be guaranteed,especially not for a crop that theUnited Nations Conference on Tradeand Development described as one ofthe most volatile commodities in theworld. Whilst global demand for cacaois currently pushing prices up, many factorscan bring them back down, suchas the introduction of substitute productsfrom other countries. Malaysia recentlybegan exporting huge quantitiesof cocoa powder, a product that can beused in many chocolate flavoured foodsin place of cacao, for approximately onesixth of the price. Fedecacao reportedin March that a sudden influx of cocoapowder in Colombia caused the priceof cacao to drop nearly 50% in just sixmonths.<br>Producers of bulk or low-qualitycacao have no choice but to sell on thecommodities market, however producersof high-quality beans can sell themdirectly to quality chocolate manufacturers,<br>who pay a premium up to threetimes the market price. Amounting toless than 10% of global cacao producion,these Fine Aroma beans arehighly sought after by the growing numberof artisanal bean-to-bar chocolateproducers.<br>According to international chocolate consultant Chloe Doutre-Roussel,these artisanal producers prize beansfrom Venezuela, Madagascar, Peru, andMexico, however they know little aboutthe quality of Colombian cacao. Totackle this problem, Fedecacao is busypromoting quality Colombian beans<br>to international buyers. In October2011, through the support of this entity,farmer Sal Tirado Fuentes won aCocoa of Excellence award at the Salondu Chocolat in Paris, for cacao grownon his Valparaiso plantation in Arauquita,Arauca.The judges noted thatthe beans, from a tree developed by theresearch department of Fedecacao, exhibiteddistinct sweet caramel aromas.Awards such as these are crucial in establishingboth the high quality, andthe unique regional characteristics ofColombian cacao.<br>At the farm level, Fedecacao agronomistsare advising farmers on cultivation,fermentation and drying techniques tomaximise the unique characteristics oftheir land and their trees.Colombian chocolate companyCasa Luker is also working hard to improvethe quality of Colombian beans.Traditionally a manufacturer of drinkingchocolate, in 2009 the companybegan selling couverture, the chocolate<br>used by chocolatiers. To meet the highstandards demanded by their internationalclients, Luker conducts researchon their own cacao plantation, GranjaLuker. By working with 35 growingco-operatives in Colombia, Luker canshare its research findings with over5,000 cacao growing families, ensuringa steady supply of quality beans, nowand in the future.<br>With this assistance at the plantationlevel, and the right exposure internationally,Colombian farmers mayjoin their neighbours as some of thebest paid-cacao growers globally, whilstensuring the worlds chocolate lovers afuture for their favourite treat.A visit from the International Business Director, Francisco Javier Gomez B. of Casa Luker at my place to see how I create chocolates with the Casa Luker Colombian FINO DE AROMA couverture.<br>http://www.lukercacao.com/Pictures 1, 2, 3, 4 are taken at Casa Luker plantations, thanks to Luc.Other pictures where taken athttp://www.patisserievercruysse.be/]]></description>
                <pubDate>Thu, 31 May 2012 12:11:05 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Last episode: The Art of Chocolate   From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/411/last-episode-the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/411</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[The Innovators In Pursuit of the New for 100 YearsFelchlinCompany histories are usually all about change, about leaps forward, highs and lows; they are a patchwork of differences. However, the Felchlin company history is different. In the 100 years since its foundation, it has been shaped by a remarkable amount of continuity:- The products  these have developed over time but always have satisfied a sweet tooth.- The customers  although they have changed, they have always stayed the same, pastry chefs and, more recently, also confectioners.- The pursuit of the new  the company founder, his son and todays management have always believed in innovation and have always been ahead of their time.-The unorthodox mindset  Felchlins management cared little for convention but looked for new approaches in order to arrive at different solutions.In 1908, during the Belle Epoque period, 25-year-old Max Felchlin from Schwyz opened a shop. This timewhen women wore large hats and wide skirts and men sported carefully twirled moustaches and fine cloth. Felchlin sold honey and also made spread for bread that was aptly named Ambrosia. He spoke German and Swiss German and was also fluent in French and Italian. He was qualified merchant with boundless energy and had inherited his business acumen from his mother who, widowed at a young age, ran first a distillery and then a trading business.A time of change  At that time, Schwyz was in a state of transition: the new postal building near the main square had just caused a stir, Zeppelin and other pioneers of aviation were launching airships that generated ripples both in skies and amongst the onlookers below.  It is not surprising that the young, multi-talented Max Felchlin wanted to take his fate into his own hands. It was in his nature to try different things: he became chairman of the Mythen mountaineering club, was a passionate skier, sold typewriters, took lots of photographs and wanted to train as a photographer in Berlin. Hoever, his trip to the German capital was of short duration and, after returning to Schwyz, he founded the Kaufmnnischer Verein and became head of the Kaufmnnische Berufsshule.  This chopping and changing from one thing to another all came to an end in 1913 when Felchlin set up the Honigzentrale Schwyz. He took on two permanent employees, thus demonstrating his decision to dedicate himself to this line of business. The young company went from strength to strength. Felhlin perfected Ambrosia, the spread made of honey, butter and fat  known locally as Luussalbi. He became an adroit trader in honey; during the First World War when the honey trade had all but collapsed, Felchlin seized every favourable opportunity to import Italian, Dutch and American honey and went on to sell this not only in Switzerland but in other countries, too.  As soon as the borders for both honey and people had reopened after the war, Felchlin embarked upon a fact-finding mission to America. In 1920, he visited honey suppliers, trading centres and a centre for the breeding of queen bees. He learnt all about the latest technologies. In 1922, back in Schwyz, Felchlin started to produce artificila honey. He also gradually expanded his product range. It became increasingly clear that his most important customers were bakers and pastry chefs, whom Felchlin supplied with semi-finished products. He sold baking powder, Vanilla-flavoured cream powder and even pure chocolate (Cacao Couverture Cacaobutter).  This was quite remarkable. At the beginning of 1920s, Switzerland had hit rock bottom economically; it was shaken by strikes, foot and mouth disease was threatening agriculture, and it was at precisely this time that Felchlin decided to stake everything on chocolate, a luxury product.  Once again, this demontrated his canny nose for business. Sure enough, the situation started to improve and Felchlin had made the right decision as Switzerland entered the Golden Twenties. As it was too complicated for pastry chefs and bakers to make chocolate themselves, Felchlins couverture was just the right product at just the right time. People danced the Charleston, wore short flapper dresses and sported Eton crops, watched with awe as high-performance racing cars sped through the mountains, discovered the cinema and the music halls  and added a little sweetness to their new way of life. Felchlin was the first to offer chocolate couverture to pastry chefs. He also sold almonds, hazelnuts, sultanas, currants, coconut, figs, candied orange peel, egg white, malt extract, bakers ammonia, baking soda, sodium silicate, spices, pear-bread and gingerbread spices and fruit essences. As the name Honigzentrale did not properly reflect this impressive range of products, the company was renamed Max Felchlin, Schwyz, Spezialhaus fr den Konditoreibedarf.Rechnung Schwyz 1929, Felchlin Honig-ImportWork in the laboratory History is not doubt that Max Felchlin was a resourceful businessman. However, he was more than just someone who was fortunate enough to have a few lucky breaks. In 1928, he set up his headquarters and home in Liebwylen. His laboratory was located directly below the office and this was where he experimented with new recipes until late in the night. The French novelist Victor Hugo once said, Genius is about patience. Felchlin liked to quote him and certainly lived up to spiret these words. He was dogged in developing both his products and company; his personal development was also remarkable. By the time he had reached middle age, Felchlin was an established businessman. He had a flourishing business, a beautiful home and office, a capable wife and three children. Thanks to his foresight, he had successfully achieved a clever mix of continuity and innovation. He confidently steered his company through stormy times, such as the world economic crises and the Second World War. At a propitious time, he purchased such vast quantities of sugar that the beams of the warehouse bowed under its weight. He developed the Pralinosa praline filling and the Sowiso cream powder. The extent of the popularity of Sowiso was largely due to fact that the next generation had a part in its succes: the youngest son of the family, Max Johannes, born in 1923, took the lead in selling Sowiso. He used his remendous wealt of ideas to marketthe cream powder that, with or without cookin, introduced fine vanilla, chocolate and caramel creams into domestic households. However, it was decades before Felchlin could hand business over the next generation. As is so often the case in companies managed by founder and owner, Max Felchlin senior initially despaired of his son. He finally handed over the reins to 39-year-old Max Felchlin junior in 1962 when he had proven himself by working at companies in Switzerland and the USA.A marketing heavyweight First and foremost, Max Felchlin senior was a manufacturer who did his daily rounds of the factory and was actively involved in the production process. His son, on the other hand, was a marketing man who never spent any time in the production; he had products manufactured to meet the demands of the market. Despite this diffrence, they had one important thing in common: they were independent  and wanted to remain so. Although the Schwyz region was Catholic through and trrough, Felchlin senior was a freemason; Felchlin junior was an untameable free spirit. He celebrated his independence by taking off on numerous study trips abroad. In January 1962, he took over the directorship of the company and, in the summer of that year, spent three months studying at the Harverd Graduate School of Business Administration in Boston. The company continued to flourish in Schwyz, mainly thanks to the established management team with Robert Lumpert (finance, sales), Felix Lappert (development, production) and Lilly Volpi (purchasing). Speaking of his extensive travels, Max Felchlin joked: My company never does better than when Im away. This was meant aa a compliment to his executive employees.Perhaps Felchlin needed the freedom afforded him by his travels to Chili, India, Italy and the USA to continue to supply his tremendous wealt of ideas. On thing is certain: when abroad he always looked for new sales markets for his products. An extended trip to Japan opened up a new market there that soon became the most important export destination for Felchlin products. Whichever way you look at it, Max Felchlin was an unconventional company director. He once asked his employees about their hobbies. He urged those who did not have any to take one up. He believed it was important that his employees hadsomething else in life apart from work and that, should the need arise, they would be able to find solace in this is something bad were to happen to them. He also believed in emplyee training. In fact, so committed to this was he that his head of finance, Robert Lumpert, once asked teasingly, What is actually the purpose of our company: to train employees or to generate profits? Max Felchlin even wrote vocational training brochures entitled Werni Wild wird Beck-Konditor, thus demonstrating his talent for making less attractive areas seem more appealing to specific target groups. He was a talented marketing man. He had a quatation from Goethe mounted above the entrance to the company headquarters: The spirit out of which we act is the highest. However, Max Felchlin did not always displays this fine spirit himself: he could be very loud and overbearing. He burst into offices, forcing people who were talkng on the telephone to put down the receiver because he had something to say to them. If he didnt like someone, he made it quite obvious, once he had made up his mind, there was no changing it. On the other hand, he was both loyal and generous to those people he held in high esteem.There is no doubt that Max Felchlin had a complex personality. He was an enigmatic figure: eccentric, with a touch of genius. His never-ending wealth of ideas was of tremendous benefit to the company. As competition increased and the domestic market became smaller, brilliant ideas were required and it was necessary to open new markets. In Swizerland, Felchlin tool pains to develop relationships with pastry chefs but was unsuccessful in this. However, he strengthened realtionships with wholesalers and the food service industry and cultivated commercial customers with sales promotions. He also developed the world-wide export side of the business; Felchlin headed the export department, after all, he was the most widely-travelled person in the company. He opened up the markets in America and Japan, accompanied by his American wife, Suzanne Felchlin-Eppes.Felchlin acted with foresight and, in 1963, purchased a large area ol land in Ibach. In 1964, he openeda new warehouse on this land and, ten years later, it became the manufacturing site for all non-chocolate products. Nevertheless, however well-versed in the ways of the world, Max Felchlin kept his feet firmly on the ground and remained true to his roots. He commissioned a historian to research the history of the Felchlin family in the Middle Ages. He had a strong interest in local traditions, which he encouraged as well as he could. He supported the Chlefelen, a type of Swiss castanet, as well as the Geissechlepfe, the crack of the whip, by financing courses and offering prizes. Felchlin not only researched but also promoted, with a scientific meticulousness, Trentnen, the almost forgotten card game from Muotathal.New training centre Since training was a subject so close to his heart, in the warehouse where the Sowiso cream powder was manufactured, Felchlin established Condirama, the industrys first training centre for pastry chefs and confectioners; this became an outstanding customerloyalty tool. At the opening in 1987, Max Felchlin again showed his unconventional side by dressing up as a radio reporter in order to find out what the public really thought of the new venture. Felchlin was just as singular when choosing a successor. In 1990, he founded the Verein zur Frderung der Wirtschaft und des Kulturschaffens (an association to promote the economy and cultural works), issuing the majority of votes to Max Felchlin AG and thus separating capital and decision-making authority. Since then, the company has experienced a very positive development. Max Felchlin appointed Christian Aschwanden as his successor; a food engineer and former Lindt manager, Aschwanden is a specialist in his field and, born in Schwyz, also completely conversant with local customs.Condirama in Schwyz is a training centre for confectioners and pastry chefs.We wish to earn money by providing services  freely, honestly, cheerfully and optimistically, Max Felchlin remained true to this belief until his death in 1992. However, his successor had a long way to go before he could even start to think about making money again. The economy faltered, fey customers bailed out, small customers had to fight to survive and, in the midst of all this, the cantonal authorities for food control threatened to shut down chocolate production because it was housed in a simple wooden building in Seewen. The company was in the red.New strategy In two closed meetings, the company management under Christian Aschwanden decided to tackle the problem head on. After all, previous company directors had demonstrated tremendous reserves of strength and the new management endeavoured to reinforce and develop the strengths of both production and sales. Management became a powerful team of specialists who knew how best to employ their strengths. By means of clever marketing, it was possible to win back customers and the new management also finally succeeded in securing a foothold with confectioners. Furthermore, production was made as flexible as possible, and this set Felchlin apart from larger suppliers. Finally, the most important step was the decision to concentrate production on high-quality goods. Felchlin wanted to control production quality from start to finish. This meant selection cocoa at source, transporting it over long distances and processing it with tremendous care. In 1999, in order to underline the high quality claim and standard, this fine flavour chocolate was named Grand Cru. One year later, the new factory was built on the plotof land bought by Max Felchlin in Ibach and this became the manufacturing site for all products. The success of new strategy was not long in coming. Customers were delighted and, in 2004, so was the strict jury: at the blindtasting of the famous Accademia Maestri Pasticceri Italiani, Maracaibo Clasificado 65% was crowned the best fine flavour chocolate in the world  a great honour for the chocolatiers from Schwyz! This succes was all the sweeter in view of fact that Felchlin hadnt even entered the chocolate in the competition in the first place; the Italian importer had seen to that. Fechlin thus built on the succes of a previous award; at a blind tasting by bakers and pastry chefs in 1968, the outstanding qualities of dark couverture from Schwyz secured it first prize in the overall ranking !Whereas Max Felchlin seniors unconventional nature manifested itself in trying out new recipes, Max Felchlin junior was a man of unusual actions who liked to push through original ideas. Today, the unconventional is firmly anchored in the company strategy. Felchlin is not interested in compromise and believes in high quality in all stages of production, always translating its beliefs into actions. Customers appreciate this; they know where they are with Felchlin. As in the early days of the comapny, the majority of Swiss customers are still small traders and products are still predominantly semi-finished goods for confectionery and bakery products.Today, 104 years since the foundations of the company, people no longer wear crinolines and sport twirled moustaches. Howevern they still love the exquisite confectionery that is produced using Max Felchlin AG products  and today they also benefit from the added experience and expertise that has been developed over the last 100 years !Hygiene und Idylle Felchlin in Schwyz]]></description>
                <pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 2012 01:12:19 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 10 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/403/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-10</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/403</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)A mellow sensation, marvellous aromas.A luxury foodstuff with chocolates vast arry of aromas really ought to be suitable ingredients for use in complex dishes. However, in reality, its powerful flavour makes it a difficult spice that can only be used selectively, and certainly not in combination with just anything. Chocolate is a good complement to olives, olive oil, liver and roasted products and its outstanding in combination with fruits ans some herbs. For a long time, cocoa mass has been a vital ingredient in the Mexican dish,mole poblamo. The sauce that is served with chicken and turkey contains traditional crumbled cocoa mass, as well as onions, garlic, tomatoes, plantains, sesame, almonds, peanuts, raisins and prunes, coriander seeds, cinnamon, stale white bread, tortilla, chicken stock and a cocktail of four types of chilli and sugar.The Spanish later adopted chocolate as an ingredient for sauces to complement game, for example, since the brown paste made the sauce go further. The Costa Brava is famous for its Catalan hare with almonds and chocolate (Ilebre amb xocolata). French cuisine also offers a dish of hare stewed in chocolate sauce (livre auchocolat) with a marinade of red wine, onions, garlic, carrots, leeks, thyme, bay leaves, nutmeg, pepper, lemon juice, ginger, cinnamon and cloves, which is thickened with dark chocolate, butter and chickens blood.Lapin au chocolat.Italy has a dish comprising veal tongue in chocolate sauce (lingua in dolce forte), which is made of dark chocolate, sultanas, pine nuts and whit-wine vinegar, as well as hare in chocolate sauce (lepre dolce forte), which is less coplicated than the French version. In view of all the exquisite dishes featuring hare in chocolate, we could well ask ourselves whether the now traditional chocolate Easter bunny is perhaps the dessert versionFOR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING In his book of herbs Theatrum botanicum published in 1696, Theodor Zwinger wrote that cocoa was both a food and a medication. Basel-born Zwinger (1658-1724) was regarded as one of the first real physicians and we can thus take seriously the healing properties he attributed to chocolate as used in the treatment of all kinds of illnesses and ailments. For example, to treat coughs and to strengthen the heart, to protect against stomach complaints, respiratory problems and phlegm, as well as diarrhoea and dysentery. When combined with nutmeg and almonds, he attributed aphrodisiac properties to chocolate, writing that it roused the libido and was given by wives as a love potion to their husbands.The art of the confectionerSo, when did solid chocolate appear on the scene? The chocolate bar? The chocolate that is not dissolved in a beverage or used in a sauce but that is enjoyed as a compact piece? The answer is at the beginning of the machine age when more and more work was rationalised and when processes that either difficult or impossible to carry out manually could be performed by machine.Today, we have couvertures, the raw material of the chocolatier and the confectioner. We also have chocolate bars with just a few ingredients, such as sugar, vanilla and milk, as well as those with a greater range of ingredients, such as nuts (hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, pistachios, macadamia), pieces of fruit, fruit aromas or fruit jellies (oranges, apricots, raspberries, grapes), or flavour combinations with coffee, nougat or caramel. Chocolate can take a lot of added ingredients. At the start of the new millennium, new combinations were launched on the market, mainly dark chocolate with lemon or grapefruit oil, fleur de sel, rosemary powder, cardamon and cinnamom, lavander and mint of curry spices from India, Thai curry, pink pepper or chilli.Todays vast arry of confectionery and cakes would be inconceivable without chocolate. Originally, sweets did not contain any chocolate at all and were instead based primarly on oriental recipes perfected in the Viennese court. Pralines in the form of sugared covered in chocolate were first available in France in the 17th century. There are no known recipes for chocolate cakes dating back to before the 19th century. In 1832, a 16 year-old apprentice called Franz Sacher invented the now famous Sacher-torte. This features chocolate as a glaze and the method has since become indispensable for lots of exquisite sweets. The development of ice-cream-on-a-stick saw chocolate used as a solid covering that held the ice-cream together, for a while at least. The ptissier continues to make black-forest gateau and, of course,mousse au chocolate. The specialist are the chocolatiers and confectioners working only with chocolate. On nest pas dans la farine is their motto.Danta Rosa de Jamaica &amp; 75% UjuxtesTop chefs experiment In top restaurants, chefs experiment with chocolate and traditional recipes in order to create something new. The following dishes that were developed by a small selection of creative chefs sound simply divine:mousse au chocolate with olive oil (Martin Dalsass, Sorengo);terrine of goose liver in Riesling jelly with chocolate brioche (Hans-Peter Hussong, Uetikon);blood sausage with black chocolate, olives and hay-chocolatemousse(wuth aftermath, full cream and white chocolate; Stefan Wiesner, the Sorcerer of Escholzmatt);pamplemousse confits entiers avec gteau au chocolate noir coulant (Nicolas Le Bec, Lyon).Franz Wiget from Adelboden restaurant in Steinen near Schwyz has devoted a lot time to the use of chocolate in the kitchen. This is partly at Felcjlins request since the company is keen to showcase the whole range of its aroma wheel of Grand Cru varieties in a top restaurant such as the Adelboden, which is situated near its manufacturing facilities. Its quickly became clear that working with chocolate and its characteristic range of flavours is a complex tast and that chocolate cannot simply be randomly combined with absolutely everything. The biggest obstacle is the sugar, explains Franz Wiget, which is why he works with finely-rolled Grand Cru cocoa mass that not contain sugar and, thanks to the skilled, restrained use of cocoa mass, has created some amazing and harmonious disches. The unsweetened, dark chocolate is particularly delicious in combination with olives, red meat and crustaceans.  The folowing is a selection from the chocolate menu featuring the Arriba, Maracaibo and Cru Sauvage varities created by Franz Wiget for Felchlin:Croustillant with green-olivetapenade and chocolate( a tapenade is a spread over a thin triangular pastry base, a second piece of pastry is placed on top and the whole thing is baked until crispy; the tip of the triangle in then dipped in chocolate and croustillant is left to cool). Cappuccino with potato puree and chocolate(potato stock in a glass with cubes of chocolate, covered in foamed milk and with cocoa powder scattred over the top). Lobster soup withchocolate(made in the traditional way, thanks to the roast aromas that unfold during cooking, the lobster soup already tastes of chocolate; Franz Wiget simply adds two or three pieces of chocolate to the soup). Foie graswith chocolate and orange marmalade( the foie gras contains wafer-thin slices of Arriba cocoa mass that appear as black stripes when the foie gras is cut; the bitter-sweet marmalade goes with both the liver and the chocolate, the opulent aromas complement each other to perfection).Beverage matchingIt only now remains to look at which can be enjoyed with chocolate.n Marseille, it is the custom to break off a piece of pure, non-sweetened, hard cocoa mass and enjoy it with a little olive oil and an aperitif. Sweet wines in particular are a good complement to chocolate, for example, wines containing grape varieties such as Syrah, Rousanne or Grenache, wines such as Cte du Rhne, Banyuls, Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Bandol, as well as heavy Sicilian and other Southern Italian wines that often reveal chocolate on the palate during tastings.The volatile aromas of distillates, such as Cognac, Armagnac or single-malt whisky, are simply superb in combination with the aroma and flavour of chocolate and can be enjoyed, for example, when unwinding at the end of a long day, to finish a delicious meal or simply on their own, since this is the union of two highly compatible partners, a marriage with fine prospects for a long, lasting finish. The reserve is also just as effective: chocolate containing spirits or liqueurs, for example, kirsch or absinth, cognac or whisky chocolate bars. Then, of course, there are alcohol-filled chocolates (ganache).Chocolate has the reputation for being an aphrodisiac and is a subject of heated discussion. However, if this is true, then the effect must be more in our minds than the result of any physical reaction since chocolate has not been scientifically proven to contain large quantities of any arousing substances.Theres no doubt that, two to three hunderd years ago, the healing power of chocolate was much more pronounced than it is today. However, if we consider the number of chemicals the human body is subjected to today in the 21th century compared with the 17th century, how many substances modern man takes on a daily basis, such as vitamin pills and contraaceptive pill, then the little bit of magic present in chocolate is really not going to make that much of a difference, either to the invalid or to the lover.However, we can console ourselves with the knowledge that chocolate is uplifting, that it is a quiet pleasure containing essence that help us to overcome lifes bitter disappointments, reinforcing what the infant realises the first time it suckles at its mothers breast, namely sugar means love and a feeling of security.  This first formative experience of taste is the most important and remains with us throughout our lives, even if, in adulthood, we have to learn self-denial and prefer to eat something savoury rather than chocolate. Self-denial has been the enemy of chocolate for years, ever since the ideal beauty has been that of the ultra-slim model, dictating fashions and setting the tone of society in which we live.Wherever self-denial is involved, quality of life inevitably suffers. However, a specific pleasure is a way out of dilemma we experience when caught between the opposing states of joy, frustation and desire for good healt: we dont want just anything; we want the best. For example, chocolate that has been manufactured with the utmost care and devotion to detail, every step of the way  as at Felchlin. In short, we want a superior chocolate. Our own small piece of luxury.next final episode:The Innovators  In Pursuit of the New for 100 Years (the history of Felchlin)]]></description>
                <pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 2012 10:58:06 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 9a - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/401/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-9a</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/401</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)The PleasureFrom Chocolate to an Agent of DelightSolid chocolate that does not contain additives is perishable; it should not be left for too long before it is consumed as it will not improve over time. It should always be stored under dry conditions and at a constant temperature of between 12C and 20C; cold, heat and light are equally harmful. Under these conditions, it should keep for a relatively long amount of time: dark chocolate for up to two years, milk and white chocolate for up to one year. Dark chocolate has a longer shelf life than white chocolate, since the latter contains milk components wheraes dark chocolate contains oxidation-inhibiting substances, such as polyphenoles, for stability. Some additives reduce both suitability for storage and shelf life. These additives include milk and cream powder or nuts, which become rancid over time.If stored in the fride, chocolate should be kept in a sealed, airtight plastic container to protect it from moisture and unwanted odours (such as cheese, pesto, cooked food), wich it would otherwise absorb. Before it is eaten, it should be brought to room temperature, as low tempearture prevent the aroma from unfolding fully. If chocolate is subjected to a large change in temperature from a very cold to a very warm environment, moisture can release the sugar from the chocolate and, when the water has evaporated, the sugar remains on the surface in the form of crystals; this is known as sugar bloom.A typical chocolate bar is a mixture of cocoa butter, cocoa solids, sugar, and an emulsifier such as lecithin. The cocoa butter and cocoa solids are made up of hydrophobicmolecules (from the Greek for water fearing) while sugar is generally hydrophilic(also Greek, meaning water loving). Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules dont mix well, so an emulsifieris used to help blend the different molecules and keep them from separating over time.If chocolate is stored at too high temperature, if it is exposed to the sun or subjected to the suns rays hotter than 32 to 33C, fat crystals froms and are deposited on the surface in the form of a white layer: this is known as fat bloom and is often mistaken for mould.Similarly, fat bloom occurs when hydrophobic cocoa butter molecules separate from the rest of the chocolate and make their way to the chocolates surface. The specific causes of fat bloom are a bit more complicated and have been the focus of several scientificstudies. Who knew so much research went into something as simple as a chocolate bar?Another danger is oxidation, which occurs if the chocolate is exposed too often to light and air. The fats react with oxygen and become rancid; the aromas vaporise. The higher the cocoa content, the better the chocolate is protected against oxidation. Chocolate is best stored in an airtight container in a dark place.This basic idea of mixing hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules also explains the driving forces behind chocolate bloom. Sugar bloom occurs when chocolate comes in contact with water. Because sugar mixes with water more readily than the fats in chocolate, any moisture that comes in contact with chocolate dissolves the sugar at the chocolates surface. As the water evaporates, a grainy white mess of sugar crystals is left behind.An unforgettable drink Although the Spanish were the first Europeans to taste chocolate, by that time, the Mayas and Aztecs has been enjoying the cocoa for a very long time. In liquid form, hot or cold, chocolate has probably been consumed for a good 3.000 years. However, solid chocolate, as we know it today, has been eaten for less than 150 years. The native Mexicans ground the beans into a paste, added spices and pressed it into cakes. To make it into a drink, they scraped the required amound from the hard cake, poured it into a vessel and added water. This chocolate is nothing like the chocolate we drink today. The native Mexican nobility refined the chocolate by adding ingredients such a vanilla, wild honey, agave juice and chilli powder. The conquistadors then adopted the basic recipe, including the vanilla, a New World plant but, because the flavour of the xocolatl of pre-colonial Mexico was too bitter, transformed it to their taste by adding lots of sugar, aniseed, cinnamon, almonds and hazelnuts. The resulting drink was praised for its energising and restorative effects.A table lined with all the standard tools for preparing chocolate: a ceramic comal or griddle for roasting the beans, a metate or volcanic grinding table, a molcajete or mortar (upper right) for mixing the cocoa with other ingredients and a molinillo (lower left) used to produce the delicious foam that tops Mexican hot chocolateFor many years, chocolate was expensive and exclusive and was enjoyed only by the European nobility. The Spanish monopoly only crumbled when competition emerged from countries such as Portugal and England, and this brought prices tumbling down. Although the raw product became cheaper, chocolate was still not consumed by common man, such as farmers and craftsmen, but it remained the exclusive preserve of the upper middle classes. Chocolate houses opened serving the most expensive of tree new drinks, namely chocolate, coffee and tea. People enjoyed these beverages in vast quantities whilst discussing the topical issues os the day.The chocolate consumed today consists mainly of cocoa powder and sugar or instant powder; this can be stired into a hot or, in case of instant products, also into a cold liquid. Although, today, real hor chocolate is very much rarity, chocolatiers and specialist shops and outlets that value authentic, honest and first-class products are increasingly re-introducing it. After all, its basically quite simple to make: take a few peices of chocolate (preferably different varieties of Grand Cru with varying cocoa contents up to 100 percent), dissolve them in hot, fullfat milk, stirring continuously, and there you have it: a delicious, slightly foamed hot chocolate drink.Hot Chocolate, Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta (Spain 1841-1920)Next time: A mellow sensation, marvellous aromas.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Sun, 18 Mar 2012 09:56:24 -0600</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 8 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/393/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-8</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/393</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)The CompositionEvery Detail CountsThe couverture is now ready. The confectioner uses it as raw material for individual chocolates, for solid chocolate and for other in-house specialities. The couverture contains more cocoa butter than chocolateand this enhances its flow flow properties to facilitate pouring or when used as a coating in further processing. Whether in the form of button-sized discs or heavyweight bars, this soberly-wrapped raw product easily contains 600 different natural aromas: individual components that cannot be fully perceived, imagined or identified either on the nose or the palate. This analysis and counting of the individual substances is performed in the laboratory using a gas chromatograph: depending on their mass and structure, individual molecules pass through a tube at different speeds and can thus be identified and counted on the basis of their separation.However, pleasure is not a mathematical equation and the senses are not a computer program. Like wine tasting, they rely on other factors, such as the character and physical and emotional well-being of the taster, on the weather, the temperature and time of day. The senses are concerned with chocolate as a whole but each sense approaches it from a different angle.First of all, we look at chocolat with our eyes. Whether a bar of solid chocolate or an individual chocolate, an Easter bunny or mousse-its very colour attracts our attention. And this attention has to be deeply rooted in our souls. There is a tendency to associate very dark foods, such as coffee, chocolate, truffles, caviar and porcini mushrooms, as well as plum cake, with arousal and luxury, wrote Magaret Visser, Canadian professor, in her book The Rituals of Dinner. In our innermost beings, we believe that this special dark matter has be meaningful and originated from ancient times.A bar of Grand Cru chocolate has a silky-matt gloss, whereas straightforward industrial chocolate looks like a plastic sample. The next two senses determine further differences: when a piec of chocolate that has been rolled backward and worward by a longitudinal conch for hours is broken of, it makes a soft snap, a tone in a minor key, almost like a soft sigh. The snap of chocolate that has been manufactured rationally and less elaborately is higher and sharper. The reason for this different music is the cocoa varity and the quality of the beans.Our sense of touch tells us more. Rubing a few fragments of chocolate between our index finger and thum warms the chocolate, thus releasing the volatile aromas. Biting into the chocolate tells us about its consistency, whether it has hard or soft structure; again, the sound it makes as we bite into it is important, but the feel of it on the tongue (called mouthfeel) is also crucial.We now allow the chocolate to melt on the tongue. One of the secrets of pleasure of chocolate is its mellow sensation: chocolate melts at 33C, which is just 3C lower than thetemperature of teh human body, the temperature that is the closest to the soul. The cocoa butter starts to melt away and the fat is broken down, the aromas unfold and develop and, because the melting point of chocolate is just a few degrees below that of body temperature (which is why chocolate initially feels cool on the tongue), chocolate can also have an intimate, comforting effect. Whilst the chocolate melts on the tongue, the taste papillae pick up all of many flavours and trigger a signal to the brain, where the taste memory is challenged. How can these flavours be graded, where classified? Chocolate we know, but what about everything else? This all has to be registered individually.The tongue first detects the basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter and also salty, or least mineral. By holding our breath for a momentthen breathing out gradually through the nose, we can detect the volatile aromas and basic flavours, as well as further nuances: spicy, strong and distinct (vanilla, cinnamon, cloves and other opulent, Christmassy components), refreshing and fruity (cassis, apricot and wild berries), floral (orange blossom and rose), vegetal ( brushwood and truffles), nutty (almond and macadamia), as well as roast aromas (coffee, tea or caramel) and other independent aromas (tobacco, butter, honey or beeswax). All these flavours, substances, essences and a few more nuances that can be identified with the human sensory organs and a little practice are also found in wines. Listing flavour nuances from the world of botany and other areas of life may be problematic when trying to understand complex flavor landscapes; it is often difficult to put impressions into words. However, a landscape consists of details and identifying these details, one after the other, underpins its incredible richness  whether chocolate, wine or a truffle that has just been unearthed and cut open.THE COMPOSITION OF THE COCOA BEANThe cocoa bean contains more than 50 percent cocoa butter. Protein and starch account for a good 10 percent of the weight of the bean, with many other substances making up the balance, including the essences, which act as a stimulant  and which also give us foodfor thought. On the one hand, the variety of the aromas stimulates the senses and, on the other hand, these substances also have a beneficial effect on our physical and emotional well-being. The cocoa bean contains caffeine, theobromine, serotonin and phenethylamine  all substances that act as anti-depressants, anti-stress agents and that are thus relaxing. Theobromine and caffeine are alkaloids that stimulate the central nervous system and also act as diureticts.Content of the cocoa bean: Caffeine 0.2%, sugar 1.0%, Theobromine 1.2%, minerals, salts 2.6%, water 5.0%, Polyphenoles 6.0%, Cellulose 9.0%, organic acids 9.5%, Protein 11.5%, cocoa butter 54.0%BASIC CHOCOLATE RECIPIESThe flavour of the cocoa is determined by its origin, bean variety and processing. Chocolate is made from either single-variety or from blends of different beans. Sugar is also added. Mixing in milk powder produces milk chocolate. White chocolate does not contain any cocoa solids, only cocoa butter.DARK CHOCOLATE: 70 % cacao and 30% sugarMILK CHOCOLATE: 35% cacao, 40% sugar and 25% milk powderWHITE CHOCOLATE: 35% cacao butter, 40% sugar and 25% milk powdernext time The Pleasure From Chocolate to an Agent of Delight]]></description>
                <pubDate>Fri, 02 Mar 2012 09:20:50 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 7 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/380/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-7</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/380</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)The Transformation From Bean to ChocolateThe fermented and dried cocoa beans are packed in sacks made of coarse jute and shipped across the ocean. They are then transported along the Rhine and unloaded at the port in Basel and put into storage. The chocolate manufacturers small warehouse in Schwyz only has the capacity to hold the quantity of beans that are used on a daily or weekly basis and that will be processed in the near future. Howover, before storing, Felchlin carries out one final, quasi inhouse grading of the delivered goods, separating them into two groups: those that are to be processed into Grand Cru chocolate and those that will become a blend of various origins.Cleaning The daily quota is stored on pallets next to the cleaning machine. In industry, the cleaning process is fully automated, however, with a small producer of top-quality chocolate such as Felchlin, a single individual performs the first step in the cleaning process, which takes place in four stages, using three machines. This individual cuts open the sacks and casts a watchful eye over the contents as they are poured into the cleaning facility. This inspection is the last control before processing; after all, the cocoa beans could have become mouldy during the long sea passage in the ships hold. If the sacks were emptied automatically, this deterioration would go unnoticed with disastrous consequences for the final quality.During cleaning, a magnet first removes any bits of metal. A blower then extracts dust and dirt, wood and fragmented beans. Finally, using a combination of gravity and vibration process, everything thats heavier than the cocoa beans is removed from the machine, for example, small stones. The cleaned beans are then transferred to a funnel-shaped silo and, from there, fed via an intermediate silo into the reactor below, where they are sterilised: pressurised, hot steam at a temperature of 150-170C kills all germs in just three to five seconds.Roasting In the production of first-class chocolate, roasting the cocoa beans is equally as importants asfermentation. Roasting reduces the water content of the beans from about 6.5 percent to about 2 percent; the shells loosen, the colour darkens and the roasting aromas develop. Traditional drum roasters, such as are used at Felchlin, may appear outdated but thanks to their size, they are easy to monitor and handle; this enables rapid intervention in the roasting process. These traditional drum roasters are gas powered (of course, everyone is familiar with the immediate respones time of gas to simple manual adjustments from experience in a domestic kitchen). In order to achieve a uniform roasting, the beans are turned and mixed continuously in the drum and then discharged and fed into the cooler below. At this stage, a cocoa bean would not taste very different to a coffee bean  to a certain exent, coffee and chocolate contain the same active ingredients; on account of its 50 percent cocoa butter conten, the cocoa bean is softer and without aroma.More on Roasting:Roasting pan: Open metal container that is heated over fire. This method is sometimes still used in the countries of origin when roasting cocoa beans for local consumption. (use: domestic)Drum roaster: Large, rotating, gas-powered metal drum. The cocoa beans inside are moved and turned continuously for gentle, uniform roasting. This roasting in portions enables the roasting master to monitor the process and to quickly adjust the process to the different properties of cocoa beans depending on harvest and origin). (use; manufacturing)Continuous roaster: Long, ventilated channels through which, from the left and right, hot air is blown. The channel is filled with cocoa beans or nibs, which slowly move from top to bottom and are thus heated continuously. The method is suitable for fully automated roasting of large, homogeneous quantities (mass production), but not if small quantities of different vareties have to be roasted. (use: industrial)picture source: Vera Hofman.Cracking The roasted, cooled beans are then fed through pipes into the winnower, where they are cracked and shelles removed: two rollers with blades attached rotating in opposite direction break down the beans. This is followed by separation: the shells are then removed by suction and the cracked beans, now called nibs, are sorted on a vibrating screen in stages, starting with the first fraction (very coarse), then the second to fourth fractions (increasingly fine), all of wich are further processed into high-quality chocolate; the fifth fraction (1-3 percent of the total cracked volume; very fine, almost dust-like, with remaining residu of shells and foreign matter) is discarded and can be processed into animal feed. The nibs are then directed into a silo using a jet of air.Grinding The stone mill has round, rotating, horizontal stone plate, which grinds the nibs to a particle size of 100 microns, without any loss of aroma (in contrast to high-performance machines). The heat generated melts the cocoa butter. Tasting the warm, liquid cocoa mass would now reveal coffee and roasted flavours, as well as very fine, barely perceptible hints of fruit (minimum acid). In the ball mill, the mass becomes even more liquid. All small particles of cocoa have been ground and the cells have unlocked their flavours and aromas. The fruit notes are now stronger on the palate; there is an earthy aroma and a long finish. The desired complexity gradually starts to unfold in the cocoa mass. With industrial production, the next step is neutralisation, which involves water vapour releasing acids and bitter substances from the cocoa mass; for most Grand Cru qualities, this intermediate step is unnecessary. After fine grinding, the pure cocoa mass is ready.Mixing Transformation of the cocoa mass into chocolate starts in the mixer: additives such as granulated or raw sugar, vanilla powder (not vanillin but ground vanilla pods), milk and/or cream powder and cocoa butter are blended with the freshly made cocoa pass. Sugar enhances the aromas; vanilla does not taste like vanilla but actually makes the chocolate smoother. Although as it often conceals any flaws in the flavour. If the cocoa mass is further processed into Grand Cru quality, in order to maintain the pure character of cocoa, vanilla is often omitted.picture source: Vera Hofman.Rolling The additives have transformed the cocoa mass into a chocolate mass, which is ground in the two-roll refiner to a particle size of about 120 micron; any sugar cristals still present in the mass after mixing are pulverised; the mouthfeel of the mass is dry and coarse. The five-roll refiner determines the fineness of the future couverture: for a Grand Cru, this should be between 12 and 15 micron. The human tongue cannot detect particles finer than 20 micron; any grittiness has disappeared. The chocolate mass is transferred to a trough, where the first roll picks it up and draws it into the rolling system, which now rolls the mass with an upward motion until it is wafer thin: on the uppermost roll, the chocolate mass has the appearance of a thin, brown, almost transparent film covering the metal. The cooled mass then flakes of and the flakes enter the conching process.Conching This is the key process in refining chocolate; it was invented in 1879 by Rodolphe Lindt from Bern. Conching releases the very finest aromas in the mass and takes place in three stages: dry conching, plasticising and liquefying. Depending on the recipe and the machine, conching can take anything from a few to more than 70 hours. The temperature and frictional effect are generated by a type of agitator or mixer or by rolling in the longitudal conch. The most delicate couverture has to be monirated carefully; its often the worker at the machine who decides when a process is finished and when to intervene. Today, state-of-the-art, fully automatic conches are generally used. However, the best flavour is still achieved with longitudinal conches similar to those used in the nineteenth century.  With dry conching, the flakes of chocolate mass are heated frictionally to between 60 and 90C. The dark brown, rather dry mass is turned and sirred. The rise in temperature causes the water to evaporate and this rising water vapour removes any volatile substances, such as acetic acid produced during fermentation. The mass has an initial water content of approx. 1.7 percent; this is reduced to just 0.6 to 0.7 percent.During plasticising, the dry particles are covered in cocoa butter during constant stirring; the mass takes on a silky gloss. The senses now come into play with thr eyes making visual assessment of mixture. The aromas should unfold and merge; this is checked every three to six hours. The fine gloss starts to from. Once the desired gloss has been attained, liquid cocoa butter is added to liquefy the mixture. Before further processing, the warm couverture is then poured into heated tanks and stored for a maximum of two days.The longitudinal conch  In simple terms, conching transforms chocolate mass into a gorgeous product. The longitudinal conch is the most effective conching tool and, with its gentle action, it allows the most delicious flavours to develop.  Felchlin still uses three longitudinal conches, each with four troughs and rollers, manufactured in the 1930s by U. Ammann in Langenthal. Thise conch looks rather like a paddle steamer and operates in much the same way: the wheel moves two horizontal connecting rods, one in front and one behind. The wheel rotates in the centre of the machine; the cast-iron troughs are located on either side. The lids used to cover the troughs are curved and painted a milk-chocolate brown. A steel roller is attached to the end of the connecting rod and this rolls the chocolate mass eveny backward and forward over a granite bed. The troughs are not heated; the intense heat that, depending on the duration of conching, is generated at the pedestal is the result of this motion, the constant friction and rolling action. Crashes and bangs can be heard as the mass smacks into the corners under the lid. However, the roller must never jump or knock. It is crucial that the right temperature is attained and this is no mean feat. There is no skill in simply pushing a button to start the heating process, however, there is an art to generating heat by applying just the right amount of friction. With longitudinal conches, it is possible to generate a temperature of 75C or more; 60-70C is the minimum. A certain temperature must be reached after 24 houres; if this does not happen, it cannot be corrected.More on conching:The conching machine is a special agitator for refining chocolate. Both physical and flavour-forming processes take place that are extremely important for glaze and aroma of the chocolate.Slow conching: in the mechanical longitudinal conch, the chocolate mass is slowly rolled and aerated between granite stone and steel rollers for two to three says. The frictional heat has liquefying effect without any loss of the delicate aromas and fruit acids (see figures above).Rapid conching: modern method that prepares liquid chocolate in just a few hours. Agitators with large shearing forces and rotational speeds can be used for rapid stirring, heating and the cooling of the mass.Summer of 2011 visiting Fechlin and admire the longitudinal conching, thanks to Sepp and his wonderfull team.Tempering  The finished couverture to be moulded is cooled from 45-50C to 26-28C in a tempering unit and then re-heated to 29-32C. This produces uniform crystals in the couverture, which give the chocolate the desired texture and appearance.Moulding, cooling and packaging  The liquid, tempered chocolate is poured into the mould, cooled, knocked out of the mould and wrapped in compound foil or put into bags and then packed in cardboard boxes.The presentation of the Grand Cru couvertures of Felchlin in my shop, sold in drops and bars with details to learn about and why this is such a fine chocolate!next part: The Composition Every Detail Counts.More on Felchlin and conching find out at chocolate friend Vera Hofman]]></description>
                <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 07:02:53 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Growing of cacao in Convento. (ECUADOR) - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/378/growing-of-cacao-in-convento-ecuador</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/378</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Found this nice mail few weeks ago in my mailbox, like to share it.Dear Geert, I found your blog and read the article about cacao in Ecuador, also your web page and found most of them very interesting and delightfull for the eyes....so I can imagine it will be the same with your hand made chocolate.....delightfull for the senses.I am attaching a photo of a jewelry piece we were commisioned by the President of the Junta Parroquial de Convento, Manabi.I thought its something you would like to see because it was a present for the Major of Viry Chatillon, France when she was coming for a visit in july.Both cities signed an agreement of cooperation in a project to improve the growing of cacao in Convento.The design is made on a slice of tagua nut (the other ivory), fresh water pearls, sterling silver is the back, and the leather lace. It can be worn as a brooch also.I am part of studioloor, we are from Manabi and use the tagua nut as one of the main beautifull materials in our jewelry designs.Hope you enjoy it.Regards,Silvia Loorwww.studioloor.comGreetings GeertPSlastweekthere was a article in our newpaper (Belgium was donating)on aimportant victorie for humanitie "Oil in Yasuni National Park in Ecuador stay's underground".]]></description>
                <pubDate>Sat, 21 Jan 2012 09:26:25 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 6 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/377/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-6</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/377</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)Since visiting Felchlin 2010 and2011, I must admit Im addicted to there chocolate and there philosophy. This book is to interesting not to blog, so I must share this on my blog.The Journey: From the Farmer to Basel.After selection, the dried beans are generally transported as bulk goods in the hold of the ship (for example, cocoa from the Ivory Coast) or, more rarely, in sacks, and then taken on the long journey to their destanation for further processing, for example, to Switzerland. In the most cocoaproducing countries, the ships dock in special ports that are sometimes named after the cocoa that is loaded there. One example of this is Maracaibo, a port in Northwest Venezuela between the Lago de Maracaibo and the Caribbean Sea.Beans from Beni in Bolivia have a particularly long journey. First of all, they are shipped about 1200 kilometres along the waterways in the Amazon Basin to the nearest town and, from there, along the first mountain pass through the Andes to La Paz, the capital of Bolivia, which is located at an altitude of 5200 metres above sea level. From La Paz, the journey continues across the Altiplano* and the second pass through theAndes, about 4300 metres above sea level, and then down to the Pacific Coast as far as Arica in Chile. After travelling a total distance of some 1600 kilometres by road, the beans are loaded onto ships and taken northwards along the coast via the Panama Canal and finally 12600 kilometres across the Atlantic to Rotterdam or Amsterdam, where the containers are transferred to a freighter and carried a further 850 kilometres up the Rhine to Basel. In Basel, the ship arrives in dock I. Here, the cargo is unloaded and the valuable sacks loaded onto pallets and stred in a warehouse until it is time for further processing.*Altiplano: a plateau of the Andes, covering two thirds of Bolivia and extending into S Peru: contains Lake Titicaca. Height: 3000 m (10 000 ft.) to 3900 m (13 000 ft.)Depending on weather conditions, the journey of the Beni beans takes two to three months and covers a total distance of more then 16000 kilometres; this is about 40 percent of the circumference of the globe. During this long journey, the fermented and dried cocoa beans are subjected to several changes of temperature and climate: from the warm, humid air of the Amazon Basin to the cold, dry air of the Altiplano and Andean passes; from the damp sea-air of the Pacific to the warm, humid air of the Panama Canal and, finally, a long cooling period crossing the Atlantic. The 6.5 percent moisture content of the beans after drying has to be maintained at all times. The beans always need sufficient air. They are transported in jute sacks or in sacks made from plasticised, air-permeable fabric. In containers, the beans can sweat, irrespective of whether theyre packed in sacks or as bulk goods: the containers are lined with corrugated card and paper to absorb any condensation. When carried along the Rhine, they are occasionally aerated by opening the sliding roof above the hold.AMAZONAS RIO BENI IN BENI  BOLIVIAArrival at the port in Basel Its late September. The acidic aroma of fermented cocoa beans hangs in the morning air. It wafts out of hold of the MS Chteau Chalon, which is docked to the quay wall of dock I. The ship docked the previous day and bulk cocoa beans from the Ivory Coast, destined for a mass producer, are loaded onto a grain wagon using a blower, followed by the sacks for Felchlin containing cocoa beans from Venezuela and Colombia. Three workers stand in the hold of the ship, where the sacks are pilled on a wooden floor, and transfer them onto pallets, two sacks per pallet.Buffer warehouse Some 600 tons of cocoa beans of about different varieties and origins are stored in the buffer warehouse. These beans are kept in reserve to safeguard against production or delivery bottlenecks due meteorological, ecological or political factors and to cushion against price fluctuations. All incoming cargo is given a number. The various rooms contain different jute fabrics, some thick with a tight weave and others thin with a loose weave. The temperature and humidity on each floor of the warehouse are checkedeach week.Next time part 7: The Transformation From Bean to Chocolate.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:34:23 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 5 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/373/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-5</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/373</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)Since visiting Felchlin 2010 and2011, I must admit Im addicted to there chocolate and there philosophy. This book is to interesting not to blog, so I must share this on my blog.The Bean From Harvesting to ShippingThe picked, ripe an healthy cocoa fruits are cut open. The beans are removed and transferred to wooden fermentation boxes that are not exposed to direct sunlight. This is the traditional and most authentic fermentation method; other modern methods, tailored to large-volume fermentation, are not as natural.Fermentation Before fermentation, the beans are first inspevted and any rotten or mildewed beans discarded. Fermentation starts a maturation process, which involves microorganisms initiation the fermentation of sugar in the pulp, thus generation heat. The fermentation process kills the seedlings in the beans and relaeses an intense odour and juice runs out of the box. With wine, fermentation ends with cooling, however, with cocoa beans, it ends with drying. Experience gained over the centuries, as well as more recent experiments, have helped to determine the exact point when fermentation is over. Criollo, for example, has to ferment for between two or three days, Nacional for between four to five days and Forastero for between seven to eight days (depending on the hybrid). Experience is also necessary for controlled fermentation in boxes: the beans have to turned regularly to ensure sufficient aeration. Other factors that are key to successful fermentation are air humidity, temperature and the size of the boxes (area, height, width). The type and quality of the wood (soft, hard) also play a role.Drying After fermentation, the cocoa beans have to be dried with the shrivelled, dry pulp. The best method is a natural one of simply drying the beans in the sun. The fermented beans are spread out in shallow wooden trays or on racks covered with mats made of natural fibres; in the event of sudden rainfall, the mats can simply be rolled up. Drying has to be monotored continuously (almost a daily occurrence in the Tropics), or if the sun is too strong, the beans have to be covered quickly. Three days in the blazing-hot sun is dangerous as the beans are dry on the outside but still moist on the inside; this means that will later sweat, give off moisture and then go mouldy during transportation or in storage. Depending on conditions and variety, drying takes between three to eight days. When shipped, beans should not contain more than 6.5 percent moisture.FERMENTATION METHODSFermentation is a natural, spontaneous process that has a major influence on the quality of the flavour of cocoa. By using suitable infrastructures and methods, its possible to control the process and thus the resulting flavour.Unfermented: the beans start to ferment spontaneously in the transport containers but with no control whatsoever. They are then taken straight to the drying stage, which means that virtually no fermentation takes place. Quality: poor.Piles: the beans are collected into piles, covered with banana leaves and then left to ferment spontaneously. No infrastructure is required; the process is difficult to control. Quality: moderate to good.Sacks or baskets: the beans are left to ferment in transport sacks or baskets. Simple infrastructure; only suitable for small quantities. Quality: moderate to good.Boxes: the beans ferment in wooden boxes and are periodically turned, aerated and checked. Good control; relatively expensive infratructure. Quality: good to very good.Selection Buyers differentiate between different qualities of cocoa beans. Thes differences are nothing to do with the actual variety, rather they are the result of the preceding stages, from cultivation to drying. The qualities selected have different names, depending on the country of origin.For example, in the Dominican Republic, the highest quality is Hispaniola; the buyer has a say in processing and can, for instance, have any beans that are too large or too small removed to ensure uniform roasting sesults: beans that are too small quickly burn and those are too large are not roasted all the way through. In the Dominican Republic, the poorer quality bean is known as Sanchez. Local selection is important as this is the only way to determine the quality. Although the flavour can be influenced at a later stage (roasting, conching), the basic quality cannot (bean variety and size, fermentation, drying).Most chocolate producers buy cocoa from traders in Europe, for example, in Geneva or Amsterdam. However, Felchlin does things differently. The specialists from Schwyz travel to the place of cultivation, taking the long journey and sometimes arduous communication in their stride in order to buy the cocoa beans at source. This enables them to use their expertise, to astablish relationships abd exert a direct influence on the properties of the beans. This personal commitment has a positive effect on qulity and any variations are relatively easy to prevent.DRYING METHODSThe fermented beans still contain approx. 60 percent water. This has to be reduced to less than seven percent so that the beans can be tranported and stored. Slow, careful drying is important for the resulting quality and can take up to seven days.Sun-drying The beans are spread out to bamboo mats or wooden tables and, depending on weather conditions, protected from strong heat or heavy rains. Its easy to turn and move the beans and the condition of the beans and the drying process can closely monitored. However, a large amount of manpower is needed and the long drying time is weather-dependent. Quality: good to very good.Artificial heat The beans are heated in long, deep trays by bloxwing air that has been heated artificially through a perforated base. There are also other systems for transferring heat. Large quantities can be dried quickly, even in poor weather conditions. However, drying is uneven, often forced and, in the worst-case scenario, the beans can be contaminated with smoke from the combustion facilities. Quality poor to satisfactory.Next time: The Journey From the Farmer to Basel50.819313 3.269374]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2011 10:11:07 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate. part 4 - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/362/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-part-4</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/362</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Published by Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. (2008)Since visiting Felchlin 2010 and2011, I must admit Im addicted to there chocolate and there philosophy. This book is to interesting not to blog, so I must share this on my blog.The Planter: From Gatherer to Large LandownerThe cacao tree is a delicate plant that needs special care and attention. Farmers often cultivate small seedlings under mat roofs. After six months, they then move the plnats onto the shade afforded by overhanging neighbouring trees, such as mango or avocado trees, or shelter them below high coconut palm or banana trees, sometimes even sheltering them under straw roofs to protect them from an excess of sun and wind.Farmers often prune the plants without impairing their quality, cutting back the cacao trees that grow both on plantations and in the wild to a height of two to four metres. However, some farmers shy away from this type of tree husbandry, since superstition and mysticism are sometimes stroger than fact: if it is suggested that they chop off a branch, the farmers resist saying that the tree is a father and that they cannot cut off the hand that feeds them.They do not want to believe that the tree could die because it cannot regenerate.Farmers keep the ground below the trees tidy and occasionally mulch it. They make sure that the trees do not become infested with pests. As the plants grows relatively close together, infestation can have a devastation effect and take hold of growing areas. All manner of different pest thrive in the fertile and energetic tropical climate, for example, fungi such as witches broom or fruit blight. Certain insects, such as longicorns and buprestidae, fruit flies, butterfly larvae, cocoa pod borers and cocoa mealybugs, also pose a danger to cacao trees.After years of the uncontrolled use of pesticides and fungicides, there have been at least isolated attemps to return to the old methods. To large extent, these attemps have been driven by the high quality requirements of customers interested in the best and finest beans. Organic methods not only create trust, they also work.The leaves that fall from the cacao tree are more eco-friendly than artificial fertilisers and insecticides. The dead matter decomposes to form humus that enhances the quality of the growing cocoa beans. Rambling plantations cultures often look neat and tidy, free as they are from undergrowth, weeds and other plants that could thrive on the same humus. However, the cocoa beans thus cultivated often all taste the same and a little bland because the ground in which their roots grow lacks the richness that comes from diversity. Afew ambitious chocolatiers continue to search tirelessly for new select varieties, resorting either to wild varieties or to those that have been cultivated in the Rain Forest, where ther is no lack of biodiversity. The humus that occurs in the wild gives cocoa a certain earthy quality that is the reason for its special flavour. Cocoa beans are cultivated or harvested in four different ways and these influence subsequent processing and marketing in particular:(example of wild cocoa: http://www.maranonchocolate.com/)Gathering This is a very rare form of cocoa harvesting. In Beni, a remote region in the Bolivian part of the Amazone drainage basin in the lowlands of the Andes, indigenous families gather the fruits of wild cocoa plants growing is a sometimes swampy, sometimes arid landscape. Like truffle hunters, the families keep the whhereabouts of their trees fiercely guarded secret; apart from gathering the fruits, they leave the trees in peace, neither cultivating them nor planting nurseries. The trees are simply left over to grow wild. This is a unique from of harvesting and, even 600 years ago, searching for and gathering cocoa took place in the shadow os small, semi-professional cultivation. The wild beans are about half size of cultivated beans, there is greater waste, processing is more complex and some machines used in the manufacture of chocolate even have to be specially adjusted for the Beni beans. However, the resulting chocolate is the most exquisite in the world.Bonbons made for Original Beans, Beni Wild.Cooperative Cultivation on smallholdings; in order to promote their interests, smallholders working in various areas of agriculture come together to form cooperatives. These smallholders grow limited quantities of cocoa on small scale, either in gardens or on terraces, on smallholderings, in mini plantations or mixed cultivation: the cacao trees grow on and around small haciendas in the Rain Forest. Cooperatives are generally made up of 40 to 50 smallholders and in exceptional cases, as many as 200 smallholders. Cooperatives rarely produce more than 20 to 50 tons of cocoa beans per annum. Smallholders believe in diversification and also grow sugercane, tree tomatoes, palm herats and coffee, as well as keep a few animals; one farmer typically produces between 200 and 300 kilogrmas of cocoa beans but rarely more than 500 kiligrams per annum.The members of a coopeartive elect a chairperson, who is assisted by between five to ten colleagues. This system can result in lengthy meetings. The purchaser who is interested in the origin of cocoa and who wishes to have a say in its quality has to have a great deal of patience and must be prepared to keep repeating his or her wishes each time a new chairperson is elected. The cooperative system is slow and ponderous and, although members often have only a limited knowledge of business, cooperatives are widly supported.http://www.pacarichocolate.com/index.phpHacienda This is the realm of the farmer. The haciendadiffers from a large plantation in that it could easily be described as the counterpart to the coopeartive. The hacienda can best compared with a large farm in the Swiss midland. Its infrastructure exeeds that of the smallholding idyll and it employs staff all year round since there is also plenty of work for employees during the low season, for example, tending trees and maintaining the infrastructure, such as the fermentation and drying facilities. It is not uncommmon to have as many as 20 people on the payroll.One example is the Haceinda Elvesia in the Dominican Republic, wich was once under Swiss ownership. Specialising in cocoa cultivation and with a tight infrastucture, it produces anything between 60 an 100 tons cocoa beans per year  a sufficient amount for direct sale; smallholders, on the other hand, have no option but to pool their harvests and sell them as part of an association, such as the cooperative.Cultivation, figures in thousands of tons 2007Plantation This is characterised by rational mass cultivation and by industrialised monoculture; it is not farmers who work here but managers, administrators and agriculture workers. The focus is on cultivation varieties of cocoa bean that require a minimum amount of effort and yet generate a maximum amount of profit. The beans are cultivated over sometimes huge, uniform areas, The subtleties of the aroma are lost and become almost irrelevant in the pursuit of the main obkective, namely to produce ready-to-use raw material for mass production.NEXT TIME: The Bean From Harvesting to Shipping]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 14 Nov 2011 13:04:38 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Cocoa: NEW DEVELOPMENTS - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/282/cocoa-new-developments</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/282</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Source: http://ruraldevelopment.info/cocoa.aspxThe recent activity of Armajaro, the trading firm that has purchased stocks adding 240,100 tons constituting up to to 7% of global annual production have shaken the market with prices being pushed upwards beyond $2,800 per ton. That is a trader gain, it does nothing much to help farmers.Armajaro has long warned of production problems in the Ivory Coast and has bet successfully on rising prices during previous rallies. Intelligence, it seems, is the most precious commodity. Beyond short-term squeezes, as the Dukes discovered, it is still largely about supply and demand. Armajaro has now released its position so it would appear to us that the strategy was a short term speculation on prices and being able to influence them.Cocoa Facts &amp; FiguresNumber of cocoa farmers, worldwide: 5-6 millionNumber of people who depend upon cocoa for their livelihood, worldwide: 40-50 millionAnnual cocoa production, worldwide:4 million tonsAnnual increase in demand for cocoa: 3 percent per year, for the past 100 yearsCurrent global market value of annual cocoa crop: $5.1 billionCocoa growing regions: Africa, Asia, Central America, South America (all within 20 degrees of the equator)Percentage of cocoa that comes from West Africa: 70 percentLength of time required for a cocoa tree to produce its first beans (pods): five yearsDuration of peak growing period for the average cocoa tree: 10 yearsIt is ambitious to develop a page on cocoa beans because there are effective commodity associations, bodies and major trading interests. However, nothing ventured, nothing gained, so we will develop this page and hope to provide food for thought.Having experienced relatively slow growth for much of the 1960s and 70s, cocoa production has been increasing at a faster rate since. From just over one million tons per annum in 1961, production rose to 1.5 million tons by 1981 but by 2007 had risen to 4 million tons. It is an impressive growth in production and in consumption. The latter is due to increased popularity of chocolate specially in USA but also in Europe. India and China are also consuming more but started from low per caput levels. There ia a great deal of further growth likely in the two markets.The leading four producers have had a very impressive growth rate since the 1960s. Most of them were very minor producers, especially Indonesia until 1985. I remember helping allocating a lot of land to cocoa for Repelita IV on a Mission for FAO Investment Centre on the basis of strong forecasts for demand which fortunately have proven correct. Out of the four, Indonesia started last and from the lowest point.Even more impressive is the fact that consumption grew so fast that the increased production took place at the same time as the price increase. The rate of income per ha was impressive from the beginning and compares very favourably with that of oil palm and is above the latter today.African countries accountfor 77% of world exports,they areby far the largest supplier of cocoa to the world markets, followed by Asia and Oceania (17%) and the Americas (seven per cent). 'The cocoa market remains highly concentrated, with the top five countries accounting for almost 90% of world net exports whilst over 98% originated from the top ten countries during the five year period from 2001/02 to 2005/06. Cte dIvoire is the worlds leading exporter of cocoa, representing 45% of global net exports, followed by Ghana and Indonesia (18% and 15% respectively). With increased processing at origin, cocoa products now represent a slightly higher proportion of total cocoa exports in most cocoa producing countries.'(ICCO). Roughly 3 million tons are exported as beans, half a million ground and half a million as butter.Some of the main cocoa producing countries remain heavily dependent on cocoa export earnings.Higher market prices during 2001-2003 led to increased cocoa export earnings. Consequently, shares of cocoa earnings surged in main cocoa producing countries, Cte dIvoire and Ghana, from 27% and 20% respectively in 2000 to 43% and 39% respectively in 2003. The decline in international prices experienced in 2004 and 2005 led to lower cocoa export earnings in many cocoa producing countries, as in Cte dIvoire, where the share fell to 30% in 2005. Cocoa became the first source of exports earnings (US$ 1.071 billion) in Ghana in 2004, surpassing gold (US$ 840 million). This degree of dependence on export earnings from cocoa is the sort of dependence that EU-ACP Action plan is trying to diminish, particularly because cocoa prices are very volatile.According to ICCO, cocoa is mainly consumed as chocolate confectionery, chocolate coated products (biscuits, ice creams), or in other food products containing cocoa powder including beverages, cakes, snacks, etc. The principal ingredients in chocolate are cocoa paste, which imparts the basic chocolate flavour, cocoa butter which provides the characteristic mouth feel, sugar and a flavouring agent. Milk or milk powder is added to produce milk chocolate; nuts, biscuits and other fillings are added to make filled chocolates. Cocoa powder is used in a wide range of food products and beverages. The growth in cocoa consumption in the Far East and Eastern Europe is largely attributed to an increase in demand for products containing cocoa powder. Relatively small amounts of cocoa butter are used in cosmetic products and, more recently, new products are being manufactured from cocoa by-products in some cocoa producing countries.Processing continues to be done in importing countries near centres of consumption in Europe and North America; the Netherlands and the United States have maintained their positions as the worlds two leading cocoa processing countries. Germany became the third largest cocoa grinding country towards the end of the review period, realizing very rapid increases in processing during recent years.Prices (red line above)in 1982 were slightly above $2,000 ton and in 2007 stood at around $1,800 while production rose over the same period from 1.6 million to 4 million tons (blue line above).Prices have risen again to above 2,500. The burning issue of the day is what happens next. Before the collapse in the speculative commodity price hike in 2008, IOCC published forecasts through to 2012. These forecastsReference ScenarioForecastsProjections2007/20082008/20092009/20102010/20112011/20122012/2013SUPPLY AND DEMANDWorld production, 000 tonnes3,7133,9154,0764,1934,3244,459World grindings, 000 tonnes3,7273,8053,9004,0244,1544,285WORLD COCOA STOCKSEnd-of-season stock levels1,5361,6071,7421,8691,9952,125Surplus/Deficit-5171135126127129Stocks-to-grindings ratio (%)41%42%45%46%48%50%COCOA PRICESSDR/tonnes (2006/2007)1,3741,4461,4141,3431,2971,257World production Value (millions SDRs in 2006/2007)5,1015,6625,7635,6325,6075,605The forecastwas for a modest 10% increase in production and in prices but we live in times where forecasts are difficult. . Given past trends, the forecast is entirely resaonable and is a change over the previous ones. However, we are in the midst of a depression which may advsersely impact on cocoa consumption. In particular, there may be a short term impact during 2009 and to a lesser extent 2010 that would bring developments closer to the original forecasts. We would not actually be surprised if prices were to fall in the face of mounting stocks due to falling consumption in the main markets.In the longer term, increased consumption in India and China is very likely. In established markets, chocolate may actually benefit from adverse publicity on the includion of sugar in congectionery and formulations will tend to favour higher cocoa content.If our reservationsprove true, IOCC should revise their forecasts and investors be vary of expectations made during the hike last year.Nevertheless, cocoa at $1,200 per ha still looks like a good investment for farmers provided they avoid farming systems that are too high input which makes them risky. Having said that, we are aware that CDC achieved high yield rates in Irian Jaya, Indonesia with a high input approach. The average tield rate for low or normal inputs is around 0.76 tons per ha. There were reports of CDC being able to achieve up to 3 tons per ha..The chart above traces price development by the month in 2009 and 2010. The bull market has thus far been reigning supreme and Armajaro still setting the pace at roughly twice normal trend. The same is the case for many commodities and there are new indications that prices may be in for a fall.Cocoa beans - Monthly Price - Commodity PricesMonthValueMay-103,165.75Jun-103,230.83Jul-103,229.55Aug-103,071.71Sep-102,874.98Oct-102,909.66index mundi]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jan 2011 08:18:25 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Casa Luker Chocolate: Flavour description - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/281/casa-luker-chocolate-flavour-description</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/281</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Some people ask me about Casa Luker and flavours, I like to work with there chocolate but this is personal.For me the tree couvertures with character are the:Tumaco 85%, Huila 85% and the very best Santander 85%.Its difficult to compare with other brands I'm working with such as Amano, Pacari, Valrhona, Felchlin,...I like to make my own melange for enrobing my chocolates (bonbons) and so I do for the Santander 85% wich I take 2/3 Santander and 1/3 of Maca 62% Bresil, but again this is personal.Just gif it a try and shoot as long you enjoying yourself.Geert VercruysseWith Francisco Javier Gomez - Gerente Negocios Internacionales of Casa Luker Colombiahttp://www.luker.com.co/CodeNameFlavour descriptionD201MISTERIOPronounced chocolate flavour with delightful sweet floral tones. Smooth in texture, melts in the mouth quickly.D202SELVAThe sweet tones in the chocolate harmonize perfectly with the delicate flavour of the cocoa. Smoothe with sweet fruity and citric notes and a hint of nuttiness.D203MACONDOA chocolate that seduces with its exotic flavour and soft acidic tones that complement the cocoas fruitiness. Delicate flavour with a fluid texture, a good balance between the typical bitterness of cocoa and sweet tones.M204NOCHEWith pleasant milky notes, dark in color and with a defined chocolate flavour. The acidity of the chocolate and the creamy-milk notes in Noche complement each other perfectly. Smooth and balanced. M205ANDINABalanced chocolate with a good cocoa aroma, pleasant milky notes and sweet caramel-like tones. Mild chocolate flavour that lasts and a smooth texture that melts in the mouth.M206CLARO DE LUNARecognized for its typical light colour and milky vanilla aroma. Mild cocoa flavour, with sweet notes and a touch of vanilla. Smooth texture melts in the mouth easily.NewAVENTURACreamy chocolate, light in colour with a mild chocolate flavour and pronounces milky sweet notes and a touch of caramel. Smooth texture that melts in the mouth quickly. Ideal for products catered for children.W207NEVADOEmbodies the exotic colour and escuisite flavour of chocolate made with 100% natural cocoa butter. Marked milky notes and mild cocoa notes typical of natural cocoa butter. It stands out for its high fluidity and its melt-in-the-mouth quality.<br clear="all"><br clear="all">CodeNameFlavour descriptionD101Dark Tumaco Origin 53%Delicate flavour and aroma with delicate fruity and floral notes, and a subtle hint of bitterness that makes it ideal for those who enjoy mild chocolates.D102Dark Tumaco Origin 65%Delightfully balanced bittersweet flavour with defined cocoa notes, ideal for those who seek a balance of flavour and aroma in their chocolate.D103Extra Dark Tumaco Origin 85%A chocolate of exquisite character with a defined aroma, typicalof Colombian cocoa. A vigorous bitter flavour and a subtle sweetness combined with floral and fruity notes to give the ultimate expression in Dark Chocolates.D104Dark Huila Origin 53%An exotic chocolate with a mild aroma and fruit candy flavour, with fruity, floral and acid notes associated to fruits of the forest. D105Dark Huila Origin 65%A chocolate with a sweet aroma and citric notes and a floral flavour, where the acidity combines with the cocoa flavour for a simply delicious result.D106Extra Dark Huila Origin 85%Huila 85% is characterised by its floral aroma with acid notes that blend deliciously with the fruity flavour and delicate cocoa notes.D107Dark Santander Origin 53%A chocolate that leaves long-lasting sweet notes and spicy, woody flavours in the mouth. D108Dark Santander Origin 65%A fruity flavoured chocolate with a good bitter-sweet balance and spicy, woody notes.D109Extra Dark Santander Origin 85%A chocolate with a defined Colombian FINO DE AROMA cocoa aroma with a predominant mild cocoa flavour, fruit notes and a mild level of acidity as a perfect accompaniment for the chocolate flavour.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jan 2011 01:09:39 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA["Enjoy Wild Balinese Cacao Beans, and learn the true magic of real chocolate!" - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/264/enjoy-wild-balinese-cacao-beans-and-learn-the-true-magic-of-real-chocolate</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/264</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[I found this text (source Nutrition Food), and after reading it I wasn't sure if it was correct, so I was thinking why dont I open a blogpage about it.The Importance of Wild CacaoCacao is a native of the tropics, and has spread from its ancestral home of Central and South America to almost every rainforest ecosystem on the planet. Deep within the Indonesian jungle, a variety of cacao emerged from the rich volcanic soil in complete isolation, known only to natives of a few sparsely inhabited islands until now. This type of cacao has had thousands of years to develop an exotic, truly unique, wild flavor. A distant relative of Trinitario cacao, the genetic heritage of these Wild Balinese Cacao Beans has remained untouched for thousands of years. The flavor of these cacao beans is on par with the best cacao in the world, thanks to pure water, continuous sunlight, and mineral-rich soil that holds some of the freshest life energy on the planet. The benefits of raw cacao and the mellow flavor of traditional chocolate are present in these Wild Balinese Cacao Beans side by side. We have allowed these beans to ferment under controlled conditions until they have reached a 75% fermentation level. Allowing raw cacao beans to ferment to this extent while keeping them free of microbes represents an incredible amount of time and labor... but the results are well worth it! The taste of 75% fermented Balinese Cacao is at once familiar and totally unexpected.All chocolate is made from Cacao Beans (also known as Cocoa Beans), but youve never had chocolate like this! Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao has incredibly high antioxidant values, abundant levels of minerals, and it has the potential to rejuvenate the brains neurotransmitters. All of the health-giving qualities of chocolate are found in Wild Balinese Cacao Beans, with a taste that is out of this world! No sugar, no dairy, no chemicals. Just one ingredient: Cacao!Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans are one of nature's most fantastic superfoods due to their high mineral content and a wealth of antioxidants. Since many of the special properties of cacao are destroyed or lost by cooking, refining, and processing, planet Earths favorite food is still unknown to most of us. Now we get to reconnect with the power of real, raw, wild chocolate! Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans offer fantastic hope for chocoholics everywhere. You can turn cravings for cooked, processed, chocolate into the super-nutrition of the highest order.Cacao is the Best Natural Food Source of the Following Nutrients:Magnesium: Cacao appears to be the #1 source of magnesium of any food. Magnesium is one of the great alkaline minerals. It works to support the heart, boost our mental focus, and relieve constipation. Magnesium, along with other components of cacao, has been linked with a lessening of PMS symptoms. This is likely the primary reason women crave chocolate during their monthly cycle. Magnesium balances brain chemistry, builds strong bones, and has been tied to increased happiness and improved mood.<br> Magnesium is the most deficient major mineral on the Standard American Diet (SAD); over 80% of Americans are chronically deficient in Magnesium! Raw, wild, cacao beans have enough magnesium to help reverse deficiencies of this mineral.Antioxidants: Cacao contains the highest concentration of antioxidants of any food in the world. This point is so astounding that it bears repeating: No food exhibits greater antioxidant capacity than cacao! These antioxidants include polyphenols, catechins, and epicatechins. By weight, Cacao has more antioxidants than red wine, blueberries, acai, pomegranates, and goji berries COMBINED.<br>Iron: Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans contain approximately 314% of the U.S. RDA of iron per 1 ounce (28 gram) serving. Iron plays an essential role in the body, working to carry oxygen from the lungs to every part of the body. Consuming whole food sources of Iron such as Wild Balinese Cacao is one of the best ways to keep our blood healthy.Like Magnesium, nearly 80% of Americans are deficient in the trace mineral Chromium. This often overlooked mineral helps us burn fat, build muscle and metabolize calories from all the foods in our diet. Chromium is an important trace mineral that is most well known for helping to balance our blood sugar. Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans have enough chromium to help restore our levels of this vital trace mineral.Anandamide: The human body naturally produces endorphins after exercise, neurotransmitters which flood our brains with positive feelings. One of these neurotransmitters is Anandamide, also known as The Bliss Chemical. While humans have to work hard to produce enough Anandamide to reach higher levels of ecstasty, only one plant produces this chemical as part of its normal metabolism  Cacao! Not only does Cacao contain Anandamide in high concentrations, it also contains enzyme inhibitors that decrease our bodies' ability to breakdown The Bliss Chemical. When we eat raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Ceans, the Anandamide produced by our brains along with the Anadamide found in cacao may continue to circulate in the body for extended periods of time, helping us feel great all day long.Theobromine: Wild cacao beans contain about 1% theobromine. Most commonly found in cacao, this chemical element is an effective anti-bacterial substance which works to kill Streptococci mutans (the primary organism responsible for cavities). Theobromine is a chemical relative of caffeine but it does not act as a nervous system stimulant. Theobromine dilates the cardiovascular system making the hearts job easier. The combination of Theobromine and Magnesium make Wild Balinese Cacao Beans an important part of a heart-healthy diet.Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans Contain the Following Important Nutrients:Zinc: Many of the enzymes in the human body would not exist without the presence of zinc. This mineral is a vital component in over 200 enzymes throughout the body, and it is a cofactor of hundreds more. Wild Balinese Cacao contains zinc, which plays a critical role in the health of the immune system, liver, pancreas, and skin. Additionally, zinc is essential for sexual development, fertility, and cell growth.<br> Manganese: This mineral plays a crucial role in the formation of bone, cartilage, and connective tissue. Manganese helps assist iron in the oxygenation of the blood and formation of hemoglobin, and helps to promote healthy joints.Vitamin C: Cacao must be raw to contain vitamin C. All cooked and processed chocolate has had its vitamin C degraded beyond the point where it may benefit the human body. A one ounce (28 gram) serving of raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans contains approximately 21% of the U.S. RDA of Vitamin C.Copper: Traditionally known as a powerful antimicrobial, copper also works to cleanse the lymphatic system and stimulate peristalsis. Copper is found naturally in plants with Vitamin C, so it is hardly a surprise that raw, wild cacao beans contain a good amount of copper. In the human body, copper helps to build healthy blood, making it a natural partner to iron and manganese.Phenethylamine (PEA): Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans contain high levels of Phenylethylamine (PEA). Often known as The Love Chemical, PEA is the chemical produced in our bodies when we fall in love. This is likely one of the main reasons why love and chocolate have such a deep connection. PEA also plays a role in increasing focus and alertness.Tryptophan: An essential amino acid which is transformed into important stress-protective neurotransmitters including serotonin and melatonin. Tryptophan is heat sensitive and therefore it is cooked out in many high protein foods and in conventional processed chocolate products.Serotonin: The primary neurotransmitter in the human body, Serotonin is similar in its chemistry to tryptophan and melatonin. Serotonin helps us build up our stress defense shield which supports our immune system in times of high demand.Omega 6 Fatty Acids: Raw, wild cacao contains essential omega 6 fatty acids, which form an integral part of our cell walls and allow for more efficient communication between cells.Does Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Contain Caffeine?Contrary to popular opinion, cacao is a poor source of caffeine. A typical sample of raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans will yield from zero caffeine to 1,000 parts per million of caffeine (less than 1/20th of the caffeine present in coffee).Does Raw Cacao spike blood sugar levels?<br> In clinical tests carried out in February 2008, Dr. Gabriel Cousens discovered that Cacao does not elevate blood sugar in the same way as a caffeine containing food or beverage. In fact, Dr. Cousens found that cacao has less of an effect on blood sugar than nearly any other food.Cacao beans contain no sugar and between 12% and 50% fat depending on variety and growth conditions. Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans are around 40% fat content (low compared to other nuts). There is no evidence to implicate consumption of Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans with obesity. Indeed, raw cacao can actually help promote weight loss because it contains minerals and molecules that reduce the appetite.Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans have an extremely low microbe count. This is an extraordinary feat considering that cacao beans come from a moist and juicy fruit grown in the hot jungle. No other cacao bean sources can claim our level of safety.Raw, Wild Balinese Cacao Beans are free of heavy metals, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. Strict oversight at every stage of production ensures that Wild Balinese Cacao Beans start pure and stay pure.The unique process used to dry the Wild Balinese Cacao Beans retains the purity, fine aroma, fairly uniform large size, and the nutritional impact that nature intended.High Flavor, No Roasting: Wild Balinese Cacao Beans allowed to reach a fermentation level of 75% retain the characteristic flavor of raw cacao with the full-bodied qualities of more traditional chocolate preparations.The quality of Wild Balinese Cacao Beans combine with a low level of processing, meaning you get to enjoy a rich, raw chocolate flavor and aroma without roasting.<br> Allergies to Chocolate?A recent study showed that only one out of 500 people who thought they were allergic to chocolate actually tested positive. Allergies to chocolate are quite rare. It is typically the case that the person is in fact allergic to milk and dairy products. Some people can be allergic to cooked and processed chocolate but are not allergic to Cacao.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Sat, 04 Dec 2010 12:56:16 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Art of Chocolate. From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate (Published by: Max Felchlin AG, Schwyz, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary) - @vercruysse-geert]]></title>
                <link>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/241/the-art-of-chocolate-from-the-finest-cocoa-to-exquisite-chocolate-published-by-max-felchlin-ag-schwyz-on-the-occasion-of-th</link>
                <guid>https://forums.thechocolatelife.com/vercruysse-geert/blog/241</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Chocolate is more than just chocolate - the consumer is often uncritical in its selection and simply eats it without giving it a second thought. This blog(book) communicates knowledge about chocolate in order to in crease the pleasure in its consumption. Chocolate, such as is enjoyed today, is the product of a variety of specialist processes tailored to achieve maximum pleasure. This blog(book) contains a wealth of interesting facts and, after reading it, you will no longer just consume chocolate but will really savour and appreciate every bite.Foreword (Christian Aschwanden CEO Max Felchlin AG)Welcome!Everyone knows chocolate, and just about everyone loves it, but only a few people know how it ia actually made. In this blog(book), we discribe the long journey "From the Finest Cocoa to Exquisite Chocolate": each individual stage, from cultivation and fermantation to the journey and production, requires consummate skill and expertise. We invest a great deal of care, experience and time in transforming the seeds of these fruits from the tropical Rain Forest into melt-in-the-mouth chocolate.Chocolate is more than just chocolate - the consumer is often uncritical in its selection and simply eats it without giving it a second thought. This blog(book) communicates knowledge about chocolate in order to increase th pleasure in its consumption and to enable a critical appreciation. We are passionate about production fine flavour chocolate, wich is the product of a variety of specialist processes tailored to achieve maximum pleasure.Troughout its 100-year history and despite the incredible amount of change that has taken place during this period, our company has been consistently dedicated to pleasure. We produce chocolate in our small factory in Schwyz and are happy to share the secrets of its wonderfull flavours with those who really appreciate it. If this blog(book) transforms you from a chocolate eater to a chocolate connoisseur, then we have succeeded in what we set out to do.A Gem Among Culinary DelightsFull Circle - Back to the RootsThe hunger foor food and riches has changed the world. The voyages of discovery were inspired by the need for culinary treasures worth their weight in gold, namely by the search for spices that, 600 years ago, were precious and hugely valuable commodity available only in small quantities. However, the value of these spices went beyond the coffers of traders and princes and they unexpectedly infiltrated all levels of society. After Colombus landed on a Caribbean island in the New World in 1492, new foods started to enrich the menus of Europe.Although the Spanish conquistadors were mainly interested in plundering the riches of the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas, they happened upon a veritable treasure trove of foods previously unknown in Europe and that are now integral part of our everyday diet. A small group of the most important South American products now account for a tremendous amount of the expenditure spent on groceries: potatoes, maize, tomatoes, beans, pineapple, avocado, papaya, peanuts, pumpin, turkeys, vanilla, tobacco -- and cocoa. The tomato, although initially not even eaten in Europe but exhibited as an ornamental plant, is today the world's most important vegetable.The cocoa bean will never attain this status. However, it doesn't have to, since it is already the undisputed number one in a very different ranking. Cocoa is one of the most valuable agricultural crops, the embodiment of luxury in its finest form: the luxury of time and pleasure.The most wonderful luxury is time, perceived as a gift to be enjoyed. Not the time that is taken up with day-to-day choces but those truly precious moments when, freed from the demands of everyday life, we can sit back and indulge in a feeling of relaxation and caml, as well as look forward to forthcoming events, either with excitements or even with a certain trepidation.Enjoyed in these circumstances, a pleasure is a truly precious and remerkable thing, especially if we allow it the time to develop its character, to reveal its compleexity and uniqueness.This is indeed, a pleasure, of course, chocolate. It is unique. Not only because its aromas beguile the senses but also because it demands that we make sacrifices. Sacrifices in terms of time, patience and also discipline. Chocolate denies greed, punishing exess with the heavy feeling of being sated. It only reveals its riches to those who are prepared to taste small pieces and to savour its hunderds of individual aromas.Chocolate is something precious. A true gem amongst the culinary delights of the world, not only because the dedire for a slim figure and fit body means that the comsumption of chocolate has come to be regarded as e reward; forgoing the devouring of chocolate with reckless abandon has paved the way for a more delicate enjoyment. We only eat a little chocolate, but what we eat, we eat selectively. We are not happy to settle for mass products and only want the very best. The bonus lies in enjoying the moment, a rare pleasure.And so the circle closes. When, at the turn of the 16th century, the Spanish conquistadors first tasted chocolate in the New World, Columbus with little enthusiasm bur Corts, who conquered Mexico, with the astute eye of the businessman, it was the drink of nobility and of ritual. And so, too, it was in Spain, at least for a century. The Portuguese then happened upon cocoa in Barzil and soon after planted the tree on the islands of Sao Tom and Principe on the West African coast. Two daughters of the Spanish royal family took chocolate to France when they married into the French royal family. The new miracle drink spread via Italy, parts of which were under Spanish rule, to the Mediterranean. During the Rococo period, chocolate trickled down to the middle classes and, with the introduction of vital processing technologies, such as mechanical mills, cocoa-butter presses and conches, the end of the nineteenth century saw its transformation into solid chocolate, a rational, industrial product that became less and less expensuve and more affordable for all.Chocolate was democratised and socialised. With the upturn in the economy after the Second World War, it became a mass product and lost its exclusive character.Until, that is, high-handed fashion dictators declared war on thunder thighs and potbellies, forcing larger individuals into uncomfortable clothes and subjecting them to mockery and social ostracism. Chocolate and other rich foods were demonised and vilified as contributors to exess weight. However, the longing for the incorparable, unique flavour of cocoa cannot simply be excluded from our sensory life and regated to a list of forbidden pleasures Certainly, we can accept the need for self-denial, but only in moderation. Chocolate should remain a carefully considered exception, a very precious gem The community of epiceres has found its way back to the beginning, back to cocoa in its unadalterated form. Back to Criollo, the highest quality bean that, half a millennium ago, so amazed and delighted the palates of the Europeans.However, this chocolate is not without its demands. It refuses to be simply devoured. It keeps its aromas locked away until the palate is ready to allow the heavenly pleasure to melt on the tongue.So it's not surprising that the natural scientist Carl von Linn gave the cocoa plant the botanical name Theobroma cacao, meaning "food of the gods". The Swedish natural scientist who also fell under the spell of chocolate, was not just allowing his imagination free reing, he was also alluding to the traditions of the Mexican Indians who glorified the consumption of the fruit of the cacao tree as a privilege enjoyed by the gods.<br><br>The TreeFrom Flower to Bean.<br>The evergreen cacao tree has its origins in the New World but has, for a long time, been prospering around the globe, namely in the tropical belt 20 degrees north and 20 degrees south of the Equator. The cacao tree is very particular about where it is grown and the surrounding environment has to meet its requirements exactly. If all conditions are right, it will flourish magnificently, however, it starts to flounder as soon as its equilibrium is disturbed.The climate has to be humid with 1.5 to 2 metres of rainfall per year (Bern: approx. 1 metre). The cacao tree is most comfortable at temperatures of between 25 to 28 degrees Celcius. It is very susceptible to wide fluctations in temperature and also to wind. In the "coldest" months, the temperature must never drop below 20 degrees Celsius.The cacao tree is unimposing and certainly no giant. It grows in the shade of other trees and shuns direct sunlight. Long and thin, it can grow up to a height of ten to 15 metres, which means that, in the tropical Rain Forest, it is simply part of the undergrowth! The cacao tree has strong, tongue-shaped leaves that grow to a length of about 20 centimetres. They help to protect the fruits from the sun's rays. Thousands of mosquitoes, flies and other tiny creatures that are irritating to man are essential to the plants, as it is the insects that pollinate the flowers. Since the cacao tree is always in flower, all development stages of teh cacao can be seen on the tree at the same time, from the flower to ripe fruit, known as the "pod". The flowers consist of five small, narriw, pink sepals and five petals that are either yellowy-white or reddish in colour.The cacao tree blosoms and produces fruit all year round. Ne flowers continue to grow on its thicker branches and are either a soft yellow or a subtle pink in color. Five to eight months after pollination, they turn into fruits growning directly on the trunk or branches. Depending on their maturity, these cover the entire colour spectrum from green, through orange, to red. The pods are approximately 15 to 25 centimetres long and weigh about a pound each. They look like elongated pumpkins or brightly-coloured rugby balls. When cultivated carefully, a cacao tree lives for 30 to 60 years. Fruits are generaly harvested twice a year (the most efficient system) but sometimes as many as four to five times a year.Each fruit contains 25 to 50 longish, almond-shaped seeds: the cocoa beans. These are either light beige or whitish violet in colour and are surrounded by a slippery, juicy white pulp that unlike the bitter beans, has a sweet-and sour taste with a similar aroma to lychees. This pulp is refreshing and sometimes eaten by farmers but, more importantly, it is used for the fermentation of the beans after harvesting.Not all cacao beans are the same. Scientists have so far identified more than one thousand different varieties and variations and new varieties are currrently being researched. It's very difficult to distinguish between different varieties and only experts can do this. This is because the fruits of the same variety can look very different.The original variety names, Criollo, Nacional and Trinitario, which are the fine or flavour cacao beans, and Forastero, the bulk cocoa beans that do not have the same flavour, have today become trade names. However, there are lots of regional differences. Expressed in simple terms, the three flavour beans do not even account for one tenth of the world crop, since the trees are susceptible to disease and produce a lower yield. On a global scale, more than 90 percent of cococa is harvested from the robust, more resilient and less capricious but high-yield trees of the Forastero family, even though the flavour beans have a much richer, finer taste.Only flavour beans are used in Felchlin's Grand Cru chocolate.As a result of the increasing mixing of different varieteis on a plantation and in growing regions, cocoa beans are no longer traded under variety names, but are categorised according to their origin. This groups together beans from remoter regions and local plantations, from the mixed cultivation of smallholders to the tree islands in the Bolivian Amazon, where the indigenous people gather cocoa beans from wild trees.This grouping according to region and increasing differentiations are comparable with the practice of viniculture. For example, we talk of an appellation, such as Maracaibo (a specific region), a specific growth is a cru (a vineyard), and a cuvee is an individual blend of wine (corresponds to cocoa from different types of bean produced on a hacienda).100.000 Flowers:Cauliflory is a botanical term refering to the growth of flowers on the trunk of a wodddy plant, the plants themselves are known as cauliflors. Three to four times a year, the cacao tree grows new leaves directly on its trunk or branches. It produces the largest numbers of flowers when it is between ten and twelve years old: it can produce up to 100.000 flowers a year!The fine-flavours varietiesCriollo"Creolle" (a native-born person of foreign ancestry); probably originated from Central America and was cultivated in Mexico as the first ever cocoa bean: clearly the finest-quality cocoa. Only very slighty bitter, it reveals not only a mild cocoa flavour but also wonderfull aromas. It is thus also known as "WrzCacao". From Mexico, Criollo spread across Central America to Venezuela, some Pacific islands (Samoa, Ponape), Timor (Portuguese), Java Dutch) and Ceylon. Today, Criollo is still known as Maracaibo, the name of the port in Northwest Venezuela from which Criollo cocoa from this region was shipped.TrinitarioProbably a natural (because unintended) hybrid in the Caribbean between Criollo and Forastero that developed when Spanish plantation owners imported Forastero varieties from West Africa and planted them on their haciendas. Still to be found predominantly in the Caibbean, Colombia, Costa Rica and other Central American countries.NacionalThis is the name of the cocoa that is cultivated on the western (Pacific) side of the Andes (for example, Arriba from Ecuador). The National cacao tree is generally larger than the Criollo and the Forastero tree. Varieties of Nacional are also grown in Camaroon.Criollo, Trintario and Nacional are delicate, susceprible to disease and have a low yield. However, their beans are fine, highly aromatic and rich in taste. The fien-flavour varieties make up less than 10% of global cocoa production.The Bulk varietyForastero(Spanish: strange, foreign): originally from the Upper Amazon Basin and, from there, exported to West Africa, Brazil, Espirito Santo) and Cuba (Hispaniola). From West Africa, taken to East Africa and Southeast Asia. Strong cocoa taste, slightly bitter and a narrower range of aromas than with Criollo, Trinitario or Nacional. Forastero variations: amalonado, amazon (West Africa, Southeast Asia), cacau comum (Bahia), calabacillo, para (Lower Amazon). Resistant to disease with a high yield and prolific harvest. Makes up to more than 90% percent of world productionCocoa varieties generate lots of unanswered questions and ambiguities-the only way to achieve clarity would be to take a genetic fingerprint of each individual tree.New varietiesAs in all areas of agriculture and nutrition, cocoa is also researched and subjected to extensive testing. In order to optimise profits, international groups require that varieties are resistant, produce a high yield and can be managed rationally. Research produce these varieties, even if they are unsophisticated and have poorer flavour than the conventional, traditional varieties. "CCN51", for example, is a hybrid variety with an extremely high yield. There is a tremendous temptation to cultivate this variety rather than the older varieties, even though "CCN51" has less flavour. Two tons of beans per hectare is regarded as a good yield; wiyh tradiotional varieties, 300 to 500 kilograms of beans per hectare is normal and, in the case of wild cocoa from Beni, the yield is even lower.NEX EPISODE: THE PLANTER-FROM GATHERER TO LARGE LANDOWNER]]></description>
                <pubDate>Tue, 03 Aug 2010 01:04:52 -0600</pubDate>
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